The Safest Type of Water Bottle to Drink From

Many people refill single-use plastic bottles (Plastic #1, PET) as a cheap way to carry water. That bottle was bought with water in it in the first place – what can go wrong? While a single refill in a freshly drained bottle probably will not cause any problem, there can be some issues when it is done repeatedly. First, these bottles are difficult to wash and are thus likely to carry the bacteria that have started colonizing it the minute you first unsealed it. In addition, the plastic used in the manufacturing of these bottles is not made for long term use. To make the plastic flexible, phthalates might be used in the manufacturing of the bottle. Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, a major environmental concern, and which can mimic the actions of hormones in our body. Those chemicals are relatively stable at room temperature (as well as when the plastic bottle is frozen), but they can be released into the bottle when the plastic is warmed. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) states that any chemical released from the bottle has been measured at a concentration below any established risk threshold. Until we know more, it’s probably best to limit our use of single-use plastic bottles and to avoid using them after they have been microwaved or washed at high temperatures.   Plastic (#7, polycarbonate) The rigid, reusable plastic bottles often seen clipped to a backpack are labeled as plastic #7, which usually means there are made of polycarbonate. However, other plastics can get that recycling number designation. Polycarbonates have been under scrutiny lately because of the presence of bisphenol-A (BPA) that can leach into the bottle’s content. Numerous studies have linked BPA with reproductive health problems in test animals, and in humans too. The FDA states that so far they have found the levels of BPA leached from polycarbonate bottles to be too low to be a concern, but they do recommend limiting children’s exposure to BPA by not heating up polycarbonate bottles, or by selecting alternate bottle options. Plastics containing BPA are no longer used in the United States for the manufacturing of children’s sippy cups, baby bottles, and baby formula packaging. BPA-free polycarbonate bottles were advertised to capitalize on the public fears of BPA and fill the resulting market gap. A common replacement, bisphenol-S (BPS), was thought to be much less likely to leach out of the plastics, yet it can be found in the urine of most Americans tested for it. Even at very low doses, it has been found to disrupt hormone, neurological, and heart function in test animals. BPA-free does not necessarily mean safe. Stainless Steel Food grade stainless steel is a material that can safely be in contact with drinking water. Steel bottles also have the advantages of being shatter resistant, long-lived, and tolerant of high temperatures. When choosing a steel water bottle, make sure the steel is not found solely on the outside of the bottle, with a plastic liner inside. These cheaper bottles present similar health uncertainties as polycarbonate bottles.   Aluminum Aluminum water bottles are resistant and lighter than steel bottles. Because aluminum can leach into liquids, a liner has to be applied inside the bottle. In some cases that liner can be a resin that has been shown to contain BPA. SIGG, the dominant aluminum water bottle manufacturer, now uses BPA-free and phthalate free resins to line its bottles, but it declines to reveal the composition of those resins. As with steel, aluminum can be recycled but is energetically very costly to produce. Glass Glass bottles are easy to find cheaply: a simple store-bought juice or tea bottle can be washed and repurposed for water-carrying duty. Canning jars are just as easy to find. Glass is stable at a wide range of temperatures, and will not leak chemicals into your water. Glass is easily recyclable. The main drawback of glass is, of course, that it can shatter when dropped. For that reason, glass is not allowed at many beaches, public pools, parks, and campgrounds. However, some manufacturers produce glass bottles wrapped in a shatter-resistant coating. If the glass inside breaks, the shards remain inside the coating. An additional drawback of glass is its weight – gram-conscious backpackers will prefer lighter options. Conclusion At this moment, food-grade stainless steel and glass water bottles are associated with fewer uncertainties. Personally, I find the simplicity and lower economic and environmental costs of glass appealing. Most of the time, however, I find drinking tap water from an old ceramic mug perfectly satisfying. Sources Cooper et al. 2011. Assessment of Bisphenol A Released from Reusable Plastic, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Water Bottles. Chemosphere, vol. 85. Natural Resources Defense Council. Plastic Water Bottles. Scientific American.  BPA-Free Plastic Containers May Be Just as Hazardous.

The Mistress Of The Art Of Death - 1285 Words

Historical Accuracy in The Mistress of The Art of Death In many historical fiction books, some events are portrayed accurately, while others are based on false information. In one historical fiction book, after the deaths of many children, people in a British kingdom are quick to blame the Jews. In order to prove the Jews innocent (so as to keep the taxes that the Jewish merchants provide), the king hires a group of detectives and doctors, including one woman, Adelia. Because she is a woman, she is forced to do her work in secrecy, so as to not invalidate her research because of women s role in society. This shows both discrimination towards Jews, and the role of women in society, and reflects many events that did happen in history. Ariana Franklin’s The Mistress of the Art of Death accurately portrays the prejudice shown towards the Jews and the restriction of the jobs available to women during the time. The discrimination shown towards Jews during the time, and their use as scapegoats, is accurately portrayed in this novel, and is used to propel the plot and create an interesting conflict. In the book, the king is talking to one of his advisors, who is Jewish, about what the peasants are saying in response to the deaths of their children. He says, â€Å"they believe the Jews are torturing and killing their children†(Franklin 7). This blaming of an unexplainable event on the Jews can be seen many times throughout history. One example of this was during the â€Å"black death†, whenShow MoreRelatedComparison of How John Donne and Andrew Marvell Present Death in Poems To His Coy Mistress and Holy Sonnet X1163 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of How John Donne and Andrew Marvell Present Death in Poems To His Coy Mistress and Holy Sonnet X In the poems To His Coy Mistress and Holy Sonnet X the idea of death plays a strong part in the overall messages of the poems. 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Analysis Of The Book Twenty Theses On Politics

What I hope to do in this paper is to show that many of the philosophies Enrique Dussel writes about in his book Twenty Theses on Politics, have a direct correlation to what has become to be known as Argentina’s ‘Dirty War,’ with a particular interest on the struggle of the people, the ignorance towards them and the idea that they did not exist to their capturers’ except as ‘things at the disposal of the powerful.’ (TTP pg. 79). Their reaction to this type of oppression, after years of detention, torture and death, touches upon Dussel’s idea of the irruption of the collective conscious of a community that breaks the hold of the oppressor and ignites into a collective dissent. First, I will give a brief history of the Dirty War, as I feel it is necessary to understand the landscape at this time and what influenced this collective conscious, followed by a discussion and outline of Dussel’s direct experience and observations surrounding Latin America during this incredibly tumultuous period of time. The essay concludes with a summary of how these principles were utilized in Argentina during and after the Dirty War and how education and open dialogue has influenced the character and the direction of those communities effected, today. Between 1973 and 1984, almost 30,000 Argentines were murdered or ‘disappeared.’ The result of a military coup d’à ©tat during which security forces and death squads acting in the form of the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance, or ‘Triple A;’ huntedShow MoreRelatedSeeing Through The Eyes Of The Polish Revolution : Solidarity And The Struggle Against Communism904 Words   |  4 PagesSeeing Through the Eyes of the Polish Revolution: Solidarity and the Struggle against Communism in Poland, social scientist Jack M Bloom’s 2013 book, argues that the formation and history of Solidarność provides useful information on social processes in historical events and how those influence historical understanding. Like Ost, Bloom comes at his subject with an interest in social movements, but relies primarily on interviews to examine the social side of Solidarność’s formation. 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Impact of Leadership Attributes-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Leadership Attributes on Employess' Performance. Answer: Introduction The project highlights the impacts of the right leadership style that can help in improving the employees performance parameter to determine the accomplishment of the corporate goals and ensure the organisational success. Problem Statement The efficient leadership approach helps in developing the organisational context in developing the learning environment for the employees that helps in developing their performance parameter. On the contrary, the ineffective leadership characteristics can even affect the employees work performance as well. The current advancements in the business field develop the flexible approaches in the workplace. The leaders often become much dependent to the employees due to which the lack the closer supervision (Chen et al., 2014). It affects the work performance in a significant way. It is thus necessary for the leaders to adopt the right approach to guide the employees that can motivate them to work in a better way and increase the performance level as well. Research Aim The research aims to identify the impact of the appropriate leadership trait to improve the performance parameter of the employees. Research Question What are the specific leadership styles can be adopted to achieve organisational excellence? How the effective leadership attributes create impacts on the employees performance? What are the major challenges faced in developing the effective performance level of the employees? Secondary Analysis The effective leadership style promotes the employee satisfaction that eventually leads to develop the efficient performance outcome. A leader is responsible in motivating the workforce and leading them towards the right direction to ensure success. According to Mulki, Caemmerer and Heggde (2015), a leader should be differentiated from others by judging the qualities and attributes. An efficient leader maintains the balance between the performance, business foresight, and characteristic values. The leadership styles are generally categorized into five forms. First is Autocratic Leader, who has the right to take the individual decision without seeking help from any other employee. On the other hand, democratic leaders are collaborative in nature and undertake the organisational decision by consulting with others. The next is the transactional leaders, who decide either to punish or reward the employee that depends on the performance outcome. The laissez faire leaders provide the full authority to the employees and depend on their ability. It often lacks the closer supervision that affect the performance level of the associated workers (Nanjundeswaraswamy Swamy, 2014). Finally, the transformational leaders help the employees improve their personal and professional attributes (Breevaart et al., 2016). This leadership style is quite effective to promote a learning based scenario within an organisation and develop the high level of performance. Recommendation The research problem is widely focusing on the ineffective attributes of the laissez faire leaders that prevent the employees from learning the innovative approaches and developing their professional skills. However, observing the outcome of the secondary information, it can be interpreted that the leaders can adopt transformational leadership style for leading the associated workers. It would motivate the employees to learn innovative work functions and improve both the professional and personal skills. In addition to this, this leadership style would even promote the high level of performance parameter that comes out of higher job satisfaction. References Breevaart, K., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Derks, D. (2016). Who takes the lead? A multi?source diary study on leadership, work engagement, and job performance.Journal of Organizational Behavior,37(3), 309-325. Chen, X. P., Eberly, M. B., Chiang, T. J., Farh, J. L., Cheng, B. S. (2014). Affective trust in Chinese leaders: Linking paternalistic leadership to employee performance.Journal of management,40(3), 796-819. Mulki, J. P., Caemmerer, B., Heggde, G. S. (2015). Leadership style, salesperson's work effort and job performance: the influence of power distance.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,35(1), 3-22. Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership styles.Advances in management,7(2), 57.